Abnormalities of a women's cervix (canal leading to the uterus) may interfere with the numbers of sperm which reach the fallopian tube to fertilize the egg. This may lead to decreased chances for conception.
Tests
The Post Coital Test (PCT) is a test that is performed around the time of ovulation to evaluate the cervical mucus, which is important in helping the sperm swim into the uterine cavity. The couple is instructed to have intercourse 2-12 hours prior to the test. A small amount of mucus is aspirated from the cervix and evaluated under a microscope for various characteristics. The most important aspect of the test is the number of moving sperm seen on the microscope slide. Lower numbers would suggest that smaller numbers of sperm are reaching the fallopian tube, where the egg is waiting to be fertilized. Although this test is somewhat controversial, there are times when it may be helpful in directing treatment options.
Possible Causes of Cervical Abnormalities
Patients who have had significant cervical surgery may have abnormalities in cervical mucus production. Also, patients who are taking oral medications to help them produce an egg, such as clomiphene citrate, may have abnormal cervical mucus which may impair sperm from entering the uterine cavity.
Treatment
Cervical mucus abnormalities that are diagnosed as a contributing cause of infertility are generally treated with intrauterine insemination (IUI).
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